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Religion introduced the globalization to communities, the most communities reshape theirs culture sphere around the religion in some extend the religion itself regionalised to suit that particular groups culture. Modernity and technology have brought with it need for a bigger market, stronger and economically viable communities started to wilder their market, they dominated weaker communities.
Once more globalization reintroduced to the world communities by multi-national companies. This globalization may hold light of hope for these communities whose has survived empires, colonisation, nation building process by brutal neighbours in which systematically eroded these communities, reduce theirs existence to tribes.
The religions contribute to identity formation in many ways. First, as a symbol and cultures teaches that, man in society is not only a tool making animal but also a meaning-seeking and symbol-creating social creature. To that extent the symbols that man weaves around him and his universe are mostly religion-inspired, whose symbolic meanings could be understood in religious context. Symbols are the culture tugs of identification and meaning, which lend that cultural continuity to vital to the identity formation and maintained. Social self-hood is symbolically a psychologically stuffed with material from religion.
Community existed before human recognized divine power, these communities communicated with each other. For communication they needed communal language, again these communities occupied land, they had heroes and they had myth of common ancestry, all these communities had common name and lived in particular land. Before 17th century the world was divided between handfuls empires, each empire was divided into states that state had no clear boundaries only frontier. Every human being belongs to one of these states, (cultural groups) which were self contained with in its culture.
History of nationalism
Some of European states were created as national states as early as 1648 with the treaty of west Phalli. The sense of national hood did not arise at the same time everywhere, often small European principalities were forged together to create centralized states with precise borders instead of the previously ambiguous frontiers. (Most part of Ottoman empire survived till 1927).
Nation builder sought to create national culture by creating a single unified language for each nation from one the local dialects, standardizing its spelling and grammar, and teaching it in schools throughout the new country.
At the beginning of twenty century nationalism and nation-state in Western Europe became true nation. Eastern Europe and Asia all nation-state created artificially, potential for future conflict, only strained by dictator regime or dominated ethnic group within that nation-state. Implementing doctrine of Carl Marx or Woodrow Wilson: thus
Carl Marx predicted that nationalist would soon disappear. As we know that in twenties century part of world were dominated by Marxist thoughts Russian empire hid her face behind communism against those communities that once stood as strong communities and had identity same as Russia, but those community couldn’t make to nation-state these community still struggle to be recognized as nation, some by peaceful means and other with grate’s violence.
The nineteenth century assumed that only what were considered as culturally and economically viable nations could enjoy the light to self-determination.
President Wilson;” real great nation should survive small and backward one were doomed to disappear and with them their specific cultures and language”.
History has proved Carl Marx and President Wilson both wrong. Nationalist has played a key role in shaping modern world. Throughout nineteenth and twenty century there were discrimination from left and right and center politic from superpowers against some communities, nation-without states.
Early appearance of nation;
Humans being are continually moving in and out of collective identities. They choose, and construct, their identities according to the situation in which they find themselves. Nation has natural frontiers, so they have specific origin and place in nature, as well as a peculiar character, mission and destiny.
Ethnics and nation are natural because they are extensions of kin groups, which are selected by genetic evolution for their inclusive fitness; ethnic categorisation and ethnic organisation have been central to human association and conflict in most periods and continents.
“Nation and nationalism are inevitable products and producers of modernity”.
Nation building has proved difficult to achieve. The establishment of incorporating state institutions is no guarantee of a population’s cultural identification with the state, or acceptance of the national myth of the dominant ethnic; the invention of a broader national mythology by the elites to bolster the states legitimacy may leave population untouched or alienated.
Nation-state only if and when single ethnic cultural population inhabits the boundaries of a state, and boundaries of that state are coextensive of a state of that ethnic and cultural population.
M.Sarjov |
